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"Mother" by Maxim Gorky is a classic novel about a mother's journey from domestic life to becoming a revolutionary in early 20th-century Russia. The story follows the radicalization of an uneducated woman, initially motivated by her son's involvement in the revolutionary movement, and how her simple concern evolves into a passion for her people's struggle for justice. The book is known for being a foundational work of socialist realism and has been praised for its portrayal of social and political themes.

Summary of the novel

• Plot: The story is set during the time of the Russian Revolution and revolves around a son, Pavel Vlasov, and his mother. When the mother, a peasant woman, witnesses her husband's abuse and her son's involvement in revolutionary activities, her protective instincts shift from her immediate family to the broader working class.
• Themes: The novel explores themes of social injustice, the struggle of the working class, and the power of political awakening and revolution. It also examines the role of maternal love and sacrifice in the context of social upheaval.
• Author: Maxim Gorky (born Alexei Maximovich Peshkov) was a Russian writer and socialist political thinker who pioneered the socialist realism literary style. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• Impact: The book was influential in shaping socialist realism and was praised by the Bolsheviks for its promotion of socialist ideals. It has been translated into many languages and adapted for film and stage. 

List of books written by Maxim Gorkey 

Sometimes it takes a prison cell to produce a book that changes the world. In 1849, Fyodor Dostoevsky was arrested with a group of young intellectuals accused of reading and spreading “dangerous” ideas in tsarist Russia. He was sentenced to death, lined up before a firing squad — and at the last moment, the execution was halted. His punishment was commuted to years of hard labor in Siberia.

That brush with death and the long, brutal exile that followed reshaped Dostoevsky forever. Before prison, he had been a promising young writer, eager to impress. After prison, he became the Dostoevsky we know: the writer obsessed with freedom, suffering, faith, and the darkest corners of the human psyche.

When he returned, one of the works he eventually produced was Notes from the Underground (1864) — a strange, bitter, and brilliant little book often called the first existentialist novel. Its narrator, the “Underground Man,” is angry, self-contradictory, and almost impossible to like. He rails against reason, mocks utopian dreams, and insists that human beings would rather destroy themselves than live in a perfectly ordered society.

It was a shocking idea at the time, and in many ways it still is. Dostoevsky’s years in prison had shown him firsthand the complexity and perversity of the human spirit. From that darkness, he created a work that inspired philosophers from Nietzsche to Sartre, and continues to unsettle readers today.

The irony is striking: a government tried to silence Dostoevsky by locking him away, but it was precisely that punishment which gave him the vision and the fire to write his masterpieces. Without Siberia, there would be no Underground Man, no Crime and Punishment, no Brothers Karamazov. The prison bars forged the writer who would go on to expose the prisons of the human soul.

Sometimes, history shows us that confinement doesn’t kill genius — it ignites it.

Photo: Dostoevsky Staraya, Russa-russia