Ans. All of us have encountered people who stutter (স্টটর—তোতলামি) or stammer. Such people should be treated with understanding and sympathy, but unfortunately, there are many, including "entertainers," who think this is a subject of humor.
Stuttering or stammering occurs when the organs of speech have certain spasms so that words suddenly can't be articulated and there is a pause in the speech. This is often followed by a repetition in rapid sequence of the particular sound at which the stoppage occurred. There are many degrees of stuttering. In some cases only a slight inability to pronounce certain letters or syllables with ease. In extreme cases, the muscles of the tongue, throat, and face—and even those connected with breathing—are involved with spasm.
Normal speech, which most of us carry on without even thinking about it, is quite a complicated procedure. The most amazing kind of coordination is necessary in the larynx, cheeks, tongue, and lips. When this coordination is not done with enough precision, the result is stammering.
In some cases, it seems, stuttering may be overcome by instruction in reading and speaking slowly and deliberately, carefully pronouncing syllables. When feeling a tendency to stammer, the person should also be taught how to regulate respiration during speech. Sounds or combinations of sounds that present special problems by a series of graduated experiences in reading.
In any case, treatment should be handled by experts in the field, and the emotional roots of stammering also deserve serious attention.
Q.12. Should left-handers be corrected?
Ans. If you are left-handed or know anyone who is, then you've noticed that a left-handed person has to make certain adjustments to get along in this world. For we live in a right-handed world.
With 96 percent of the people right-handed, it's natural that everything from doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, motor cars, musical instruments, and machines to such things as the buttons on our clothing are designed for right-handed people. But most left-handed people seem to get along quite well. And, of course, there are cases of left-handed people who need to get along very well! For example, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, two of the world's greatest geniuses, were left-handed.
While some parents worry if their child is left-handed, most medical authorities believe it is wiser not to do anything about it. Being left-handed is not a defect in a person, so a child should not be scolded or punished, and no effort should be made to try to change him to a right-handed person, these authorities believe.
Now, what is it that makes most people left-handed? For a long time, it was believed that we are right-handed because of such things as training, custom, and the fact that most people are right-handed. So a left-handed person had something wrong with him because he couldn't do things the way other people did.
Today, it is believed that most people are right-handed because the brains of most people function in a certain way. One-half of the brain "dominates" over the other half. The left half of the brain controls the functions on the right side of the body.
And in most people, the left half of the brain is dominant, so the right half of their body is more skilled and is better able to develop. Our right hand works better than our left hand.
In left-handed people, the brain develops in a reverse way. The right half of the brain is dominant, so the left half of the body works better. It works just as well, just skilfully—it just happens to make them left-handed! And it's no more serious than that!
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I regret to inform you that I have still been unable to fully grasp this complex issue. - The Blogger
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Q.13. Do any two people have the same fingerprints?
Ans. If there's one thing in the world you have that nobody else has, it's your own particular set of fingerprints! What are fingerprints, and what makes them different for each person?
To begin with, our skin consists of layers of tissue. One is a thick, deep layer, the "corium", and over it is a delicate membrane called the "epidermis". In cold-blooded animals, the epidermis fits smoothly on the corium. There are no "ridges" to make "prints."
However, in mammals, these two layers of the skin are closely joined. The underlayer, the corium, buckles where it meets the upper layer, the epidermis. Some of the tissue of the lower layer projects up into the upper layer, moulded over these projections so that they are firmly and closely attached.
Now, among the lower animals, these "pegs" that stick up are scattered at random. There is no pattern of any kind. Among the apes, these pegs are arranged in rows. But since all apes have these parallel rows of ridges, their "fingerprints" are pretty much alike.
But in human beings, the rows of ridges form definite patterns. In fact, the system of classifying human fingerprints was developed by studying these patterns. An Englishman named Sir Edward Henry developed the system of classifying fingerprints that is the basis for the system used today by authorities all over the world.
According to this system, all ridges on human fingers can be divided into the following patterns: loops, central pocket loops, double loops, arches, tented arches, whorls, and accidentals. (If you press your finger on an ink pad and then on a piece of paper, you should be able to see some of these patterns.)
By counting the ridges between fixed points in the pattern, it is possible to classify each of the ten fingers into a definite fixed group. The ten fingers are then considered as a unit to classify a person's fingerprints. The chances that two people will have the same ridge pattern on just one finger are one in twenty-four million!
Q.14. Why do humans have hair on their bodies?
Ans. Birds have feathers, and mammals, such as humans, have hair. It is believed that feathers and hair enable birds and mammals to develop far beyond their common ancestors, the reptiles.
In human beings, there are only two parts of the body where there is no hair: the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. The hair on the rest of the body is believed to be a remnant of the heavy hair that our prehistoric ancestors had.
When a human body is about a hundred days old in the mother's body, a thick coat of hair sprouts from the skin. After another hundred days, these hairs are shed. This is called the embryonal hair.
This hair is replaced by the delicate hair of a newborn baby. When puberty hits—around fourteen for boys and twelve for girls—this hair changes into the final coat they’ll have for the rest of their life.
The development of the adult coat of hair is regulated by the sex glands. In males, certain hormones promote the development of hair on the face and the body and keep down the growth of hair on the head. The female hormones act in just the opposite way.
Why we need this hair is not quite understood by science. We can say that the hair of the eyebrows, lashes, ears, and nose is probably there to protect us against dust and insects. According to Charles Darwin, the fine hairs of the body help us to shed perspiration and water.
An adult male has between 300,000 and 500,000 hairs in his skin. Blond people with finer hair have the most hair; red-haired people, who have the coarsest hair, have the fewest hairs on their bodies.
Q.15. Why is some hair curly?
Ans. We all have a great deal of curiosity about our hair. What gives hair its colour? Why does hair turn grey? Why is some hair curly? Science still doesn't have all the answers to all the questions about our hair, but let's discuss a few things that we do know about it.
At the root of the hair, there live certain cells that contain pigment. These cells have the ability to multiply, and the young cells wander upward with the growing shafts of hair and die. The pigment granules they contain are left in the hair. These pigment granules contain all shades of brown, from a redish colour to a deep-black brown.
The horny substance of the hair, in which this pigment is buried, is yellow. The horny material and the pigment granules mingle, and the colour of the hair is the result of the way this mixing takes place.
The hair of different people varies, too, in its structure. If we cut across a hair and study it under a microscope, we can see that it has a definite shape: round, flat, oval, elliptical, or even kidney-shaped. This shape has a great deal to do with whether the hair is curly or not. The flatter the hair, the curlier it is, the rounder it is, the stiffer and lankier.
Elliptical or kidney-shaped hair is usually short and curly, sometimes called "wolly", and is characteristic of the black races. Round-shaped hair, which is the opposite extreme, produces straight, lank, and coarse hair; hair that is oval in shape produces wavy and curly, or smooth and silky hair.
Related queries:
1. Are the different types of human hair due to genetic differences?
Below is the result of a web search:
2. Just as people have different types of hair, do other animals have different types as well?
Below is the result of a web search:
Yes, other animals have different types of hair.
Animals grow unique types of fur tailored to their specific needs, such as insulation, protection, and camouflage.
For example, polar bears have thick, insulating coats, while oters have sleek, water-repellent fur.
The diversity of animal hair types is influenced by genetic, environmental, and biological factors.
In contrast, humans have a relatively hairless body compared to other mammals, which evolved to have less hair over time.
Thus, animals exhibit a wide range of hair types, each serving different functions in their survival.
Q.16. What is equilibrium?
Ans. If you've been
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Q.17. What makes our muscles tired?
Ans. aaa
Q.18. What are sprains, strains, and bruises?
Ans. aaa
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Q.19. What is arthritis?
Ans. The word "arthritis" is used to describe a wide variety of diseases. all of which adversely affect the joints of the body. 
