Subhas Chandra Bose II Indian Freedom Fighter II Brain Tech Tutorial

 
Who was Netaji Bose? 

Gandhi M. K. II Indian Political Figure II Indian Author II Brain Tech Tutorial

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific 'Mahātmā' (from Sanskrit, meaning 'great-souled' or 'venerable'), first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is used worldwide.

Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi was trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of 22. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for the next 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban laborers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax.

Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and, above all, achieving swaraj, or self-rule. Gandhi adopted the short dhoti woven with hand-spun yarn as a mark of identification with India's rural poor. He began to live in a self-sufficient residential community, eating simple food and undertaking long fasts as a means of both introspection and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930 and in calling for the British to quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned many times and for many years in both South Africa and India.

Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a Muslim nationalism which demanded a separate homeland for Muslims within British India. In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Abstaining from the official celebration of independence, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to alleviate distress. In the months following, he undertook several hunger strikes to stop the religious violence. The last of these was begun in Delhi on 12 January 1948, when Gandhi was 78. The belief that Gandhi had been too resolute in his defence of both Pakistan and Indian Muslims spread among some Hindus in India. Among these was Nathuram Godse, a militant Hindu nationalist from Pune, western India, who assassinated Gandhi by firing three bullets into his chest at an interfaith prayer meeting in Delhi on 30 January 1948.

Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi is considered to be the Father of the Nation in post-colonial India. During India's nationalist movement and in the several decades immediately after, he was also commonly called Bapu, an endearment roughly meaning "father".

Mahatma Gandhi - Wikipedia

M. K. Gandhi Biography 

M.  K. Gandhi: Autobiography 

List of Books written by M. K. Gandhi 

When, where and when was Gandhi assassinated? What was the reason for this assassination? 

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The Discovery of India II Jawaharlal Nehru II Brain Tech Tutorial

"The Discovery of India," 

written by Jawaharlal Nehru 

Books written by Jawaharlal Nehru 

Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, was a visionary statesman, intellectual, and freedom fighter. Born in 1889, he played a key role in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. Educated at Harrow, Eton, and Cambridge, Nehru was deeply influenced by Western ideas, but he remained rooted in India's rich cultural heritage. His leadership in the Indian National Congress and his close association with Mahatma Gandhi were pivotal in shaping India's nationalist movement.
"The Discovery of India" is a profound and reflective account of India's rich history, culture, and civilization, written by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment in 1942. The book spans thousands of years, tracing the development of India from ancient times to its struggle for independence under British rule. Nehru explores the philosophical, religious, and cultural dimensions of Indian civilisation, discussing its significant contributions to the world in fields such as science, art, and spirituality. He delves into the development of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other religious movements that have shaped India's identity.
"The Discovery of India" is both an intellectual and emotional journey, offering readers valuable insights into the soul of India and its path toward freedom.

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